Еволюція формуляра: як складався сучасний образ канцелярського документа

Abstract

UK: Формуляр, тобто дипломатичні ознаки документа, складався століттями. Логікою стихійної, а потім керованої уніфікації, була трансформація хаотичного набору смислових одиниць ділового документа –«клаузул у трафарет»–формуляр-зразок. Ізчасом кожна клаузула набула ознак чітко локалізованого реквізиту із самостійним значенням. Його оформлення почало суворо регламентуватися. В подальшому він став придатним для знеособленої та автоматичної обробки.

EN: The document form is a collection of requisites –permanent and variable content elements that make up the document.The term “internal structure”is often used, as opposed to “external structure”, that is, the material form of the medium.A form characteristic for a specific type of document is called a typical form, although in diplomacy (a special historical science that studies act documentation of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and early modern times) there is a more differentiated terminology for the designation of forms.An important issue in the historical evolution of the service document form (in the conventional and broad sense of the word) is the material form of the information carrier and the method of its fixation. In the 14th−17th centuries the columnar (columnar) and book form prevailed. Columns (columns) were pasted sheets of parchment, handwritten books were stitched notebooks (hence the words “notebook”in Belarusian and “notebook”in Ukrainian). Emblempaper began to be used in office work in 1699. Since 1833, a single size and strict form of the document with a unified content has been implemented.The 20th century in the history ofclerical documentation was the century of unification and standardization of all document and information processes: forms of documents, methods of their preparation, registration, certification, storage, transmission, etc.This tendency was reflected in the current state standards of record keeping and archival affairs.The main goal of the unification measures was to simplify the form and content of documents, increase the efficiency of information processing and transfer, and the gradual transition frommanual to fully automated record keeping.So, as we can see, the form of the document was compiled for centuries.The logic of its spontaneous and then controlled unification was the transformation of a chaotic set of semantic units of a business document(clause) into a stencil (sample form), in which each clause acquires the characteristics of a clearly localized requisite with an independent meaning, the design of which is strictlyis regulated, therefore, it becomes suitable for impersonal and automatic processing.