Методы устройства искусственных оснований из грунтоцемента под фундаменты мелкого заложения

Abstract

RU: Описаны и охарактеризованы методы устройства грунтоцементных элементов, а также приведены наиболее распространенные механизмы обработки грунта.

EN: Research on strengthening the soil with cement and the construction of foundations from soil–cement are conducted by various scientists: Y. L. Vinnikov, N. L. Zotsenko, A. N. Tokin et al. The first experience of using soil–cement in foundation engineering in the USSR belongs to the mid 50 th top 60 th. Using the methods of mixing the local soils with binder made it possible to actually get a new building material. Soil–cement in construction is used to improve the bearing capacity for foundation, reducing the deformability of the weak and the structural — unstable soils, and building foundations. Soil–cement elements are performed by two methods: wet soil–mixing method and dry soil mixing method, the choice of which depends on the soil conditions and specifications of the project. There is a combined method of deep soil mixing, which has the ability to transition between the supplying of the dry binder and injecting the slurry at certain depths. This versatility allows to effectively mixing the layered soils and solves the problem of the presence of local changes in soil moisture sites.

For the production of soil–cement various technological devices are used:

- jet grouting. To produce soil–cement elements the jet grouting working with the tool for the formation of pile is the jet monitor nozzles from which a jet of water or cement slurry under pressure up to 70 MPa is supplied;

- drilling–mixing cementation. The essence of drilling–mixing technology is to produce jet–grouting columns using drilling–mixing instrument consisting of a hollow rod and a special working tool;

- jet–grouting mixing cementation. Mechanical mixing with the additional use of the jet energy.

Mass soil stabilization is a relatively new method of improving the construction properties of weak soils, which may be performed to a depth of 5 m. The mixing process differs from other methods so that binder material is supplied to the mixer while the mixer is rotating and simultaneously moving vertically and horizontally to ensure optimum mixing of the soil.