Эффективная технология производства самана

Abstract

RU: Предложен новый способ изготовления самана методом прессования, заключающийся в том, что соломенную сечку предварительно выдерживают в известковом молоке 7–10 суток, после этого при приготовлении глиносоломенной смеси используют то же известковое молоко. Это предоставило возможность значительно повысить прочность самана, улучшить другие его свойства.

EN: Statement of the problem. It is unusual that with the same thickness of a brick and adobe walls, while the density of brick and adobe masonry is the same, thermal conductivity of these materials is equal, but there is much warmer in winter, drier, much easier to breathe and in general people feel much healthier in an adobe house than in a brick one. Considering this fact and also the intensive pollution of the environment, we need to return to adobe construction. It is clear that such return should be made on a qualitatively new technological level. It means modern technologies of adobe production; construction not only cottages outside the city but also construction of schools, kindergartens, hospitals not only in rural areas but also in the cities. In this case, both the environmental and economic problems are solved. It is well known that adobe construction is the cheapest type of construction. Analysis of publications. Application of clay for construction of buildings and structures is known from time immemorial. Such buildings and structures were built in large numbers in ancient Egypt and currently a lot of adobe buildings are built in Central Asia and Bulgaria. Construction from clay was widely used in Ukraine and Central Russia. Large and long experience of construction from clay in Germany is particularly noteworthy. So 36 2-storeyed buildings, a 3-storey factory housing and one building on a hill, having 5 floors from one hand, were built in the city of Weilburg in 1836. After World War I Germany faced the problem of rapid recovery of the cities and villages. Generalization of existing experience of construction from adobe, positive results of prolonged maintenance of previously constructed buildings allowed builders to take a decision on restoration of buildings by adobe construction. In Germany 1919 is called by the year of revival of construction from adobe. In this period a very large number of one- and two-storey buildings of different function were built from this material. In the twenties of the last century Doctor of Engineering Ilkevich I.K. conducted extensive surveys of buildings and other structures built from adobe. His conclusion came to the following. The buildings from adobe have sufficient durability. So, for example, Priory Palace (building of the city Duma) in Gatchina, built 125 years ago, is operated on the present. It is conclusively proven that with proper implementation of construction works there is completely dry in residential areas. Good natural ventilation (air exchange throughout the pores of the walls) is noted particularly. Experiments have shown that it is several times better for adobe walls than for brick walls and 80 times better than for the walls made of concrete hollow stones. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of adobe walls is much lower than for common brick or concrete walls. As to technology of adobe, according to our data, builders did not improve technology of forming of adobe – technology developed in ancient Egypt was used. The purpose of the work. To develop a rational composition of clay and straw mix for forming of adobe and technology of its production with the use of modern equipment. Conclusions. A new technology of adobe by pressing method is offered. The whole point is that chopped straw is preliminarily kept in lime milk for 7–10 days, and then the same lime milk is used when preparing clay and straw mix. It gives the possibility to increase adobe strength significantly and improve its other properties.