Типологія як основа формотворення сучасних багатоповерхових та висотних будівель під час будівництва та реконструкції

Abstract

UK: Дослідження несучих конструкцій та систематизація знань і норм конструктивних систем багатоповерхових і висотних будівель.

EN: Problem statement. One of the important problems of high–rise constructions is architectural classification of high–rise constructions. Nowadays this question is of a great importance for many architects. Division buildings into types is the basis for research and creation of normative base for their engineering. It is difficult to find distinct indications for type definition of multistory buildings and high–rise constructions. The research is an attempt to combine architectural forms with the knowledge of construction spatial characteristics along with original cogitations. [6].

Article analysis. Architectural typology of buildings and constructions systematize and create the basic principles of buildings and constructions engineering taking into account characteristics.

Structural system is an interdependent combination of vertical and horizontal supporting constructions of the building, which provide structural solidity, toughness and firmness. Author develops the structure of design–built systems and exteriority (fig.1).

There are five main building structural systems — tensioned, wall construction (frameless, diaphragm), shell, barreled, volume–blocked [2]. In accordance to the used type of vertical supporting constructions (T. G. Maklakova's analysis), there are four main building structural systems — frame, wall, barreled and shell [4].

Change of force direction is defined as the height — active–height frame constructions, the constructions where the load is divided vertically. They can be: barreled, frame, bridge and shell (fig. 2) [8].

Object of the article. The notion typology is the method of scientific cognition, which is based on the separating system objects and their groups with the help of generalized model or type. Supporting construction has the main and forming position in architecture [6]. Knowledge of supporting construction principles can give architects and engineers an opportunity to take part in the process of modern surroundings.

A lot of authors do not include volume–blocked system into the main construction systems, they think that it is not widely used. But nowadays the buildings construction using volume–blocks is widely used.

Conclusions. The typology opens out sociological, ideological, functional, constructional and technical, economic, architectural and artistic demands. The knowing of the main constructional systems and combining them is the tool for creation forms and space with the purpose to create the territory for people.

Modern volume blocks are not the functional part but full module consisting of multilevel flat, groups of flats. With the help of materials and technologies they can have difficult forms and provide regional recognizability. Knowing of construction frame systems give us an opportunity to cross a line of well–known constructions and create non–traditional forms, forms of time.