Застарілі назви в українському хатобудуванні

Abstract

UK: Проаналізовано частотність уживання староукраїнської будівельної лексики у зв'язку зі змінами конструктивних рішень будівництва житла, виявлено первинне значення слів та зміну значення з огляду на появу потреби використання нових будівельних матеріалів.

EN: Statement of the problem. In the process of designing architecture students continually use different vocabulary to describe the construction of structures, facilities and types of construction, not even knowing that modern terms before heard differently or have different initial values. This process is facilitated by the fact that the design methods changed and there were other building materials. Ukrainian building traditions have been unjustly forgotten because there is an urgent question about their recovery and study of the obsolete building vocabulary. Many terms have become obsolete, some acquired other meanings, some are still widely used in hut constructions villages of our country. The aim of the paper is to examine the state of using outdated building vocabulary in the current development of new technologies in construction. To achieve the outlined goals we set the following problem: find the original meaning of the words of a number of obsolete building vocabulary and outline acquired new significance; follow if the words that have disappeared from modern vocabulary of builders remained in features of Ukrainian hut constructions of XIX — early XX century. Conclusions. 1. Until now in the Ukraine the term «hata» is the prevailing name of a house, although increasingly the terms «house» or «building» are used 2. Apart from the dwelling a house had a porch. «Siny» — uninhabited part of the peasant huts, which combines living space with a porch, stalls or divides the house into two halves. These features were present in our hallway, so such a thing as a «porch» was replaced with the word «hallway» by modern residents, but is still common in the villages of Ukraine. 3. «Stelya» — houses sustained of longitudinal or transverse beamsё, called ceiling beam. They placed all sorts of flooring. Ceiling beam or otherwise dam functioned as the main beams of the ceiling, carrying most of the load. Word of Ukrainian origin, which is rooted word «mother». Later dam came to be called «ceiling beam» and then the word «ceiling bea» is out of use due to the use of the main beam as the building structure. 4. Eventually vocabulary changes because of using vanishes building vocabulary, used in ancient times. Of course, some words are still used in rural areas, and some even have a hope of being updated through the means of construction. But there is no reason to forget about them, it is — our history, our traditions. 5. Ukrainian accommodation is traditional for the Ukrainian people, and the items that were used in the construction were important not only as meaningful, but also symbolic. Do not forget that it was once the foundation of life for our ancestors, it is necessary to know the traditions of the nation.