Сучасний стан цифровізації країн-членів ЄС

Abstract

UK: У статті досліджується сучасний стан цифровізації країн-членів Європейського Союзу. Ідентифіковано, що країни-члени ЄС мають різні виміри прогресу у запровадженні цифровізації. Виявлено, що Європейська Комісія відстежує прогрес цифрової конкурентоспроможності та цифрових показників своїх країн-учасниць за допомогою звіту – Digital Economy and Society Index. Digital Economy and Society Index оцінює різні аспекти цифрової економіки та суспільства, надаючи всебічний огляд цифрового розвитку в ЄС. Проведено аналіз сучасного стану цифрової диспозиції окремих країн-членів ЄС. Розглянуто динаміку змін окремих показників (підключення, людського капіталу, “інтеграція цифрових технологій”, “державні цифрові послуги”) Digital Economy and Society Index як для Європейського Союзу в цілому так і для окремих країн-учасниць в період 2015-2022 рр.

EN: This article explores the present status of digitization across European Union member states. While the EU maintains common goals and overarching strategies for digitalization, individual member nations exhibit diverse levels of progress in its implementation. The asynchronous pace of digitalization among EU member states stems from various factors, including economic disparities, variations in technological infrastructure and legal frameworks, cultural and social influences, disparities in education and digital literacy, divergent government initiatives and funding levels, and the extent of collaboration between the public and private sectors. Each member state contributes to distinct dimensions of progress in the implementation of digitalization. The European Commission facilitates the monitoring of digital competitiveness and indicators across EU member states through the utilization of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) report. This report evaluates diverse aspects of the digital economy and society, offering a holistic perspective on digital development within the EU. The current digital landscape in individual EU member states has been analyzed. The study examines the dynamics of changes in specific indicators (connectivity, human capital, integration of digital technologies, and state digital services) within the framework of the DESI from 2015 to 2022 in both the European Union as a collective entity and the individual member states. The research findings indicate that, on the whole, there has been noteworthy advancement in digitalization across all EU member states over the past decade. Nevertheless, the study highlights the contemporary challenges reflected in the objectives outlined in the "Digital Decade" program and the asynchronous fulfillment of these goals among member states. The most significant progress has been observed in accomplishing objectives related to digitalizing public services. All figures of this indicator are approaching the maximum. Notable advances have been made in the connectivity or digital infrastructure domain in implementing 5G and high-speed communications. However, there is a recognized need for further development, particularly in establishing distribution nodes and advancing the field of quantum computing. Examining the indicator of human capital, member states have made significant progress in imparting basic digital skills to their populations. Nevertheless, increasing the number of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) specialists remains required. Turning to the integration of digital technologies, specifically the digital transformation of businesses, discernible progress has been achieved in incorporating digital technologies into Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. However, further advancement necessitates the introduction of cloud technologies and artificial intelligence into the operations of enterprises across the European Union.