Система управління проєктами на підприємстві: засади ефективного формування

Abstract

UK: В статті досліджено засади ефективного формування системи управління проєктами на підприємстві. Визначено, що управління проєктами це філософія бізнесу, що поєднується зі спеціальним знаннями, методами та інструментами управління. Відзначено сутність PMBoK, як стандарту проєктного управління, зазначено місце інших методологій, що забезпечують гнучкість проєктного управління. Охарактеризовано місце окремих методологій в практиці проєктного управління. Дано характеристику методологіям Agile та Scrum, системам Jira та Worksection, розкрито їх основні складові і компоненти. Визначено сучасні вимоги до формування системи управління проєктами на підприємстві, наведено систему фундаментальних принципів для переходу проєктної діяльності, відзначено здобутки формування системи управління проєктами на засадах циркулярної економіки. За результатами проведеного дослідження зроблено висновки щодо напрямів ефективного формування системи проєктного управління.

EN: The article examines the principles of effective formation of a project management system at an enterprise. In the modern environment, project management standards and management information systems are the principles of effective formation of a project management system. The content of the category «project management system» is determined: as a direct means of project management; as software for project management. An analysis of recent research and publications on the topic is carried out, which clarifies the ambiguity of theoretical provisions and applied aspects of project management systems. It is determined that project management is a business philosophy combined with special knowledge, methods and management tools. The essence of PMBoK is noted as a project management standard with 9 functions, the approaches of which reflect the classical theory, the place of other methodologies that ensure the flexibility of project management is indicated. The place of individual methodologies in project management practice is described, five main reasons for project failures are highlighted (according to PMI research) and these reasons are compared with the project management methodology, which is emphasized from the perspective of implementing management standards. A brief description of the Agile and Scrum methodologies is given, their features and significance for certain types of projects are given, and the areas of management to which their specifics correspond are revealed. The essence of IT project management systems is highlighted, their impact on the efficiency of project activities is noted, a brief description of the Jira and Worksection systems is given, and their main components and elements are revealed. Modern requirements for the formation of a project management system at an enterprise are determined, in particular the ability to develop and self-improve. The transition to the principles of a circular economy is identified as a promising direction, a system of fundamental principles for the transition of project activities is given, and the prospective advantages for the future of such a transition are described. The achievements of the formation of a project management system based on the principles of a circular economy were noted. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn regarding the directions of effective formation of a project management system, according to the type of projects and market advantage factors, which will ensure maximum efficiency in planning and coordinating project implementation, interaction with key participants and the project team, optimization of project resources and maximization of project benefits.