Ризики функціонування блокчейн-платформ в умовах впровадження технології Web3

Abstract

UK: У статті розглядається комплексний аналіз ключових ризиків, що супроводжують функціонування криптоплатформ у контексті переходу до Web3. Проаналізовано діяльність провідних крипто-платформ. Виявлено основні види ризиків впровадження технології Web3, зокрема волатильність криптовалют, регуляторна невизначеність, питання кібербезпеки, специфічні ризики децентралізованих фінансів та нефункціональних токенів, проблеми масштабованості, доступності та екологічності. Запропоновано стратегію для мінімізації цих ризиків. Розроблена дорожня карта реалізації стратегії ризик-менеджменту, яка деталізує етапи ідентифікації, оцінки, управління та моніторингу ризиків, надаючи конкретні інструменти для ефективної реалізації кожного етапу. Впровадження запропонованої стратегії дозволить створити сприятливе середовище для подальшого надійного та стійкого розвитку технологій Web3 та криптовалютного ринку.

EN: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the key risks associated with the operation of a crypto platform in the context of the transition to Web3 technology. The authors explore the activities of leading blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, Solana, Binance Smart Chain, Polkadot, Avalanche, Cosmos and Polygon, identifying the main types of risks that apply to the implementation of Web3 technology. The paper identifies threats associated with cryptocurrency volatility, regulatory uncertainty, cybersecurity, specific risks of decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), as well as scalability, accessibility and environmental issues. The authors analyzed the activities of the crypto platform and found that each platform has a unique structure and asset structure, which affects the nature of the risks. For example, Ethereum dominates the DeFi and NFT sectors, Solana is distinguished by its speed and low fees, Binance Smart Chain focuses on DeFi, and Polkadot and Cosmos are developing cross-chain technologies for interoperability. The main risks analyzed in the article include: Volatility of cryptocurrencies, which can increase financial instability; Cybersecurity, including hacking attacks and vulnerabilities of smart contracts; Regulatory uncertainty, which can hinder innovation and create legal conflicts; DeFi risks, such as errors in smart contracts, liquidation problems and systemic failures; NFT risks, in particular high market speculation and fraud risks; Scalability, including technical limitations and high fees; Complexity of use, which can limit the widespread adoption of Web3; Accessibility and inclusiveness, including unequal access to technologies; Energy consumption and environmental friendliness, which can affect the environment. To minimize these risks, the authors proposed a risk management strategy based on semi-fundamental principles: comprehensiveness, preventiveness, consistency, decentralization, transparency, security and interoperability. This strategy includes the introduction of modern analytical methods such as scenario analysis, machine learning, Value at Risk (VaR), Conditional VaR (CVaR), Monte Carlo models, multi-level security systems, bug bounty programs, transaction encryption, decentralized oracles, risk hedging using derivatives and RegTech solutions for regulatory compliance. For the effective implementation of the proposed strategy, a risk management roadmap was developed, which details the stages of risk identification, assessment, management and monitoring. This map includes specific tools for each stage, such as scenario analysis, AI analytics, blockchain scanners, VaR and CVaR models, attack models, stress testing, blockchain analytics, encryption, futures, options, RegTech, KPIs and behavioral models. The implementation of the proposed strategy will create a favorable environment for the reliable and sustainable development of Web3 technologies and the cryptocurrency market. Further research should be aimed at detailing platform-specific strategies and adapting them to the changing landscape of Web3.