Стан та перспективи трудових ресурсів, зайнятих на підприємствах туристично-рекреаційного комплексу України

Abstract

UK: Стаття присвячена аналізу економічного стану трудових ресурсів підприємств, які задіяні у функціонуванні туристично-рекреаційного комплексу України. Проаналізовано кількісні показники зайнятих трудових ресурсів суб’єктів господарювання різних видів економічної діяльності. Досліджено кількісні показники штатних працівників юридичних та фізичних осіб, зайнятих в суб’єктах туристичної діяльності України. Порівняна середньомісячна заробітна платня трудових ресурсів, зайнятих у різних видах економічної діяльності у складі ТРК за 2021–2022 роки. Проаналізовані тенденції щодо зайнятості трудових ресурсів за статтю та освітою. Виявлено проблеми, пов’язані з трудовими ресурсами підприємств ТРК. Згруповано регіони України за показником ринкової позиції щодо використання трудових ресурсів підприємств ТРК України.

EN: Today, it is very difficult to fully assess the extent of the impact of hostilities on Ukrainian tourism and recreation, as the full-scale war continues. However, it is already known today that the tourism industry has lost not only the territories that were used as tourist and recreational areas with existing tourist and recreational complexes before 2021, but also more than 36% of tourism enterprises (hotels, recreation centers, airports, museums, historical objects of railway and road communication) compared to 2021, and as a result, there was a loss of labor resources, which is one of the main factors in the effective functioning of enterprises of the tourism and recreation complex of Ukraine. The article analyzes the statistical data on the status of labor resources employed by the enterprises of the tourism and recreation complex of Ukraine until 2022. It is found that at the enterprises of the T&RC of various spheres of economic activity – temporary accommodation, catering, transport, travel agencies and tour operator companies, since 2015, there have been negative changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of labor resources. It has been established that the average monthly salary of the labor force employed in various types of economic activity within the shopping and entertainment complexes in 2022 was lower than the national average, except for aviation enterprises. It was the lowest for employees engaged in catering services and amounted to UAH 9347.5 per month. It was established that in 2022, 13704.6 thousand people were employed at the enterprises of the shopping and entertainment complexes of various economic activities, of which 12591.6 thousand had formal employment and 1113.0 thousand had informal employment. The informal sector employed 1905.4 thousand workers, and the number of unemployed people aged 15–70 was 1711.6 thousand. The largest number of laid-off workers was in the accommodation and catering industry. The average duration of the actual working hours of the employed population aged 15–70 was 38 hours/week for women and 40 hours/week for men, with a 2-hour excess of weekly employment in urban areas compared to rural areas. The main problems related to the labor resources of shopping and entertainment complex enterprises are identified. The regions of Ukraine are grouped by the indicator of market position in terms of the use of labor resources of the enterprises of the shopping and entertainment complex.