Дослідження чинників, які впливають на енергоємність металургійної продукції

Abstract

UK: Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням оцінки ефективності використання паливно-енергетичних ресурсів та енергоємності виробництва металургійної продукції. Висвітлено поняття енергоємності продукції. Охарактеризова- но основні методичні підходи щодо оцінки енергоємності. Удосконалено методику визначення енергоємності мета- лургійної продукції. Запропоновано під час розрахунку енергоємності використовувати показник валової продукції. Під час розрахунку енергоємності пропонується враховувати усі види витрат паливно-енергетичних ресурсів, включаючи витрати на невиробничі потреби. Показник енергоємності розраховується як сума його окремих показників: паливо- ємності, електроємності, теплоємності та повітрооємності. Виконано оцінку енергоємності виробництва продукції конкретного металургійного підприємства за запропонованою методикою.

EN: The purpose of this article is to improve methods for determining the energy intensity of products and approbation in a specific enterprise. In the process of research methods of calculating the deviation of absolute were used. Also average, relative variables and dynamics methods were used. The concept of energy intensity of products was disclosed. The main methodological approaches to assessing energy intensity were presented and characterized. The method for determining the energy intensity of metallurgical products has been improved. It was proposed to use the indicator of gross production when calculating the energy intensity of products. It was proposed to take into account all types of expenses of the enterprise's fuel and energy resources when calculating the energy intensity of products. It was recommended to include the expenditures of fuel and energy resources for non-production needs as well. It was proposed to calculate the indicator of energy intensity of products as the sum of its individual indicators: fuel capacity, electrical capacity, heat capacity and air capacity. So, the energy intensity of production was proposed to be considered as the ratio of the costs of fuel and energy resources of a certain period to the volume of gross output for the same period. The total consumption of fuel and energy resources consists of two parts: constant and variable. All types of fuel and energy resources for the implementation of basic technological operations are included in the variable part of costs. A fixed part of the costs consists of the costs of lighting, air conditioning, heating. An increase in production leads to a decrease in the share of fixed costs per unit of production, and, therefore, leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of production. At the same time, the higher the share of fixed costs, the more sharply the energy intensity decreases with an increase in the scale of production. This factor was taken into account when conducting a factor analysis of the energy intensity of products. The assessment of the energy intensity of the production of products of a particular metallurgical enterprise was carried out according to the proposed method.