Перспективи виробництва біогазу на цукрових заводах України

Abstract

UK: Статтю присвячено дослідженню перспектив виробництва біогазу на цукрових заводах України. Визначено спад у цукровій галузі, спричинений високою енергозатратністю цукроваріння. Проведено аналіз потенційного виробництва біогазу з побічної продукції цукрових заводів. Аргументовано необхідність ви- робничої реструктуризації на відповідних виробництвах. Визначено доцільність очищення біогазу до стану біометану для реалізації через газотранспортну систему України. Визначено, що в короткостроковій перспективі основна частина виробленого біометану буде спрямована на експорт у країни ЄС, де створено набагато сприятливіші умови для його споживання. За наявних тенденцій зростання економіки України спрогнозовано зростання споживання виробленого біометану в Україні. Запропоновано принципову схему діяльності модернізованих цукрових заводів, орієнтованих на виробництво біометану.

EN: The article is devoted to the study of the prospects of biogas production at sugar factories in Ukraine. The decline in the sugar industry caused by high energy consumption of sugar production has been identified. The analysis of potential biogas production from by-products of sugar factories is carried out. The necessity of production restructuring at the corresponding productions is argued. The expediency of biogas purification to the state of biomethane for sale through the gas transmission system of Ukraine is determined. It is determined that in the short term most of the biomethane produced will be exported to EU countries where much more favorable conditions for its consumption are created. Given the current growth trends of Ukraine's economy, the consumption of biomethane produced in Ukraine is projected to increase. The basic scheme of activity of modernized sugar factories focused on biomethane production is offered. Appropriate steps will make it possible to carry out the necessary modernization of agricultural enterprises, including sugar factories. The impetus for the development of biogas production with the subsequent conversion to biomethane is the future increase in taxes in the EU on imports of products that were produced using "dirty" energy. Thus, in the European Union, starting in 2023, a tax will be imposed on imports of products that will be produced using "dirty" fossil fuels. This is especially true for metallurgical plants. If metallurgical plants do not use fossil gas or coal in their production, but biomethane, this will make their products more competitive on the market. It is determined that the sale of electricity produced from biogas at the "green" tariff causes possible risks due to the instability of prices for "green" electricity and constant delays in the calculations of the State Enterprise "Guaranteed Buyer". The proposed measures will provide an opportunity to: achieve growth in foreign investment in the industry; to improve management methods in the sugar industry; increase the gross regional product and the profitability of the sugar industry as a whole. At the same time, the production of biogas at sugar factories in Ukraine will be able to give the following effect to the economy: increase the energy independence of the state; reduce the cost of sugar factories for energy; to improve the ecological condition of the region's water resources; reduce greenhouse gas emissions; to provide agricultural producers with digestate.