Вплив пандемії COVID-19 на ринок праці України

Abstract

UK: Статтю присвячено темі впливу пандемії COVID-19 на стан ринку праці України. Оскільки вірус став повною несподіванкою, а світова економіка виявилася не готовою до такого потрясіння, тому потрібно проаналізувати його вплив безпосередньо на ринок праці як на один із найважливіших механізмів у роботі будь-якої економіки та держави. Насамперед було проаналізовано безпосередній вплив карантинних заходів на рівень безробіття. Визначено рівень адаптації населення України до карантинних заходів та ступінь їх фінансової захищеності. Розглянуто ситуацію із затримкою заробітних плат через екстремальні умови. Для розуміння загальної картини того, що відбувається на ринку праці, розглянуто ситуацію з вакансіями, що допомогло зрозуміти, як саме карантин і локдаун змогли вплинути на ринок вакансій, які фахівці були потрібні більше, а які менше. Виділено основні характеристики «карантинного» ринку праці та зроблено висновки.

EN: The article is devoted to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the state of the Ukrainian labor market. As the virus came as a complete surprise, the world economy was not ready for such a shock, so we need to analyze its impact directly on the labor market, as one of the most important mechanisms in the work of any economy and state. First of all, the direct impact of quarantine measures on the unemployment rate was analyzed. The level of adaptation of the population of Ukraine to quarantine measures and the degree of their financial protection is determined. The situation with delayed wages due to extreme conditions was also considered. The areas in which wage arrears most often arose are indicated. The main trends of the labor market are named, among which are the optimization of costs, a sharp increase in competition in the labor market and changing priorities. For understanding the general picture of what is happening in the labor market, the situation with vacancies was considered, which helped to understand how quarantine and lockdown could affect the vacancy market, which specialists were needed more and which less. The labor market is not standing still and is rapidly recovering after the removal of strict quarantine restrictions, as evidenced by the increase in the number of vacancies and activity of applicants. The issue of organizing labor market statistics is becoming acute, which can allow us to see the real state of affairs. To do this, it is necessary to modify the data collection system, for example, to collect data not for a month or quarter, but weekly, because data during the first coronavirus wave, the situation in the labor market changed very quickly. Emphasis is placed on hidden unemployment. There are actually a lot of such people. They were not officially fired, but could be sent on leave at their own expense or transferred to part-time work, which, of course, reduces the amount of salary received. People who find themselves in such conditions are in a dangerous situation because on the one hand they may return to work and on the other hand they may lose it. Conclusions are made and prospects of further researches are defined.